相变蓄能建筑墙体研究进展

对相变材料在墙体中的封装方式(直接混合、宏观封装、微观封装和定形相变材料封装)、相变材料的种类和物性等方面的研究进行了归纳总结.从实验和模拟2个方面,对相变材料位于墙体表面和墙体内部影响室内环境和建筑能耗的研究进行了综述和评价.分析表明,微观封装和定形相变材料的封装效果较好;墙体用相变材料的相变温度一般在20~30℃范围内;相变材料层在墙体中的安装位置可分为墙体表面和墙体内部2种,但相变材料层在墙体内的最优位置并不固定,受相变材料物性、墙体材料以及室内外环境工况的影响.通过相变材料与墙体合理高效的结合,可充分发挥相变材料的高蓄热特性,提高墙体的热性能,达到调节室内环境温度、降低建筑能耗的目的.     

某纸厂能源利用的优化与废料再利用分析

为了缓解工业生产中过分依赖化石燃料的现象,利用可再生能源和废料再利用是能源优化的重要途径。以中国某纸厂为研究案例,通过实地考察中收集的数据和发现的问题,应用软件Eclipse建立该纸厂生产的模型系统并模拟其生产流程。首先,运用Eclipse/Mass Energy模块分析该纸厂生产中物量和能量的变化,寻找可能存在的能源物质;再对该纸厂生物质能源的生产进行量化处理,通过模拟得出这部分能量的具体数值;最后结合已找到的潜在能源设计该纸厂的优化方案,由Eclipse/Flow模块建立新的热电联产系统的供能模型。结果表明:在纸厂排放的废液"水处理2"中仍存在部分有机物,这部分物质可以生产沼气,代替煤燃烧供能,同时结合量化后的生物质能为纸厂供能,改进后的方案每年可以为该纸厂节约用煤18 259.3 t,实现28.9%的二氧化碳减排量。     

野牛的种群现状、生态习性及致危因素?

野牛(Bos gaurus)主要分布于中国、印度、孟加拉、尼泊尔、不丹、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸和马来西亚.据评估,其全球种群数量约13 000~30 000头.在我国主要分布于云南省,1996—2000年的调查显示共有约480头,种群下降趋势严重,灭绝风险较大.栖息地丧失和破碎化、盗猎和非法贸易、种群衰退和杂交污染以及疾病和传染病是其主要威胁.建议加强野牛的生态学研究,加大栖息地保护力度,打击非法贸易并加强管理和监控,促进野牛种群的恢复.     

Small giants from Madagascan caves: autapomorphic giantism in the new cave-dwelling planthopper Tsingya clarkei gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Meenoplidae)

A new giant cave-dwelling species of planthopper of the family Meenoplidae (Fulgoromorpha) is described from the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park in western Madagascar, with information on its distribution and ecology. As the new species could not be placed in any of the previously described genera, a new genus is established. This is the first record of a cavernicolous meenoplid from the Afrotropical Region, and the second cave-dwelling Fulgoromorphan species from Madagascar. It is also the second example of island gigantism in the Fulgoromorpha from Madagascar.     

烧结工序的物质流和能量流(火用)分析

本文讨论了烧结工序开展物质流和能量流的(火用)分析意义,应用物质流分析方法,建立了烧结工序的物质流和能量流(火用)分析模型.应用该模型,分析了烧结工序的(火用)效率、(火用)损失,指出了烧结工序的节能方向和途径.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

巧用“电荷守恒法”解化学计算题

"电荷守恒法"是化学计算中一种很重要的解题方法和技巧,利用该方法解答有关化学计算题,可以实现速解、巧解.举例说明巧用"电荷守恒法"解答电解质溶液中的有关离子浓度计算或比较离子浓度大小的习题.     

Redescription of Unio tumidiformis Castro, 1885 (Bivalvia,Unionidae), an endemism from the south-western Iberian Peninsula

The ground plan of the bot flies (Oestridae, part) is compared with those of Ephydroidea and Calyptratae. Comparative anatomy suggests that the bot flies are unlikely to have arisen from within Calyptratae and that their derivation from near the base of Ephydroidea is more probable. A large body of evidence is assembled to counter the theory that would place Oestridae within the Tachinidae family-group. It is shown that Hippoboscoidea is unlikely to be monophyletic. The fit of Glossinidae to the suggested ground plan profile of the Ephydroidea/bot flies is shown to be good.     

如何做好水利工程质量管理工作

工程的质量是企业的第一生命,提高工程质量是我国经济工作的长期战略目标。社会主义市场经济必须建立并完善质量监督体系。工程质检工作是工程质量监督管理的重要内容之一,是保证工程质量的重要条件。要保证水利建设工程质量,就必须坚持认真进行质量检测。     

Biomimetic fluorapatite films for conservation of historic calcareous stones

Fluorapatite protective films were prepared on marble substrates using a biomimetic method. By mimicking the mineralization mechanism of enamel, phosphorus and fluorine were introduced on the surface of the marble substrate. In the presence of a biological template, namely collagen, an integrated fluorapatite film was produced and the marble substrate was entirely covered. The prepared fluorapatite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The performances of the fluorapatite films were evaluated by color changes, capillary water absorption, and acid resistance tests. The results revealed that the fluorapatite films had good compatibility with the marble substrate; the physical properties such as color and capillary water adsorption of the marble substrates were unchanged. The fluorapatite films also had good acid resistance and were stable even in heavy acid rain.